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9. Contact - got a question about Sorbia, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Sorbia, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" style="margin-left: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" |
Lusatia|-| colspan="2" | |}
Lusatia (, , , , ) is a historical region between the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers and the
Elbe in the eastern German states of
Free State of Saxony and Brandenburg, south-western Poland (Lower Silesian Voivodeship) and the northern Czech Republic.
The name derives from a Sorbian languages word meaning "swamps/water-hole".
Upper and Lower Lusatia
Upper Lusatia (
Oberlausitz or
Hornja Łužica) is today part of the German state of Saxony; it consists of hilly countryside rising in the South to the
Lausitzer Bergland (
Lusatian hills) near the Czech border, and then even higher to form the
Lusatian Mountains (
Lužické hory/
Lausitzer Gebirge) in the
Czech Republic.
Upper Lusatia is characterised by fertile soil and undulating hills as well as by historic towns and cities such as Bautzen,
Görlitz,
Zittau,
Löbau (Saxony), Kamenz, Lubań, Bischofswerda,
Hoyerswerda, Bad Muskau. A few big villages in the very south of Upper Lusatia contain a typical attraction of the region, the so-called
Umgebindehäuser, half-timbered-houses representing a combination of Franconian and Slavic style. Among those villages are Niedercunnersdorf,
Obercunnersdorf, Wehrsdorf, Jonsdorf,
Sohland an der Spree, Taubenheim, Oppach,
Varnsdorf (Lusatia) or Ebersbach.
Most of the portion belonging today to the German state of Brandenburg is called
Lower Lusatia (
Niederlausitz or
Dolna Łužyca) and is characterised by forests and meadows. In the course of much of the 19th and the entire 20th century, it was shaped by the lignite industry and extensive open-cast mining. Important towns include Cottbus,
Lübben, Lübbenau, Spremberg, Finsterwalde, and Senftenberg - Zły Komorow.
Between Upper and Lower Lusatia is a region called
Grenzwall, meaning something like "border-wall". In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic. Some of the regions villages were damaged or destroyed by the open-pit lignite mining industry managed by Communist East Germany. Some, now exhausted, former open-pit mines are now being converted into artificial lakes, with much hope to attract vacationers, and the area is now being referred to as
Lausitzer Seenland (
Lusatian Lakeland).
Lusatian capitals
Lusatia is not and was never an administrative unit. Upper and Lower Lusatia have a different but in some aspects similar history. The city of Cottbus is the largest of the region. Historically,
Luckau was Lower Lusatia's capital.
Bautzen is the historical capital of Upper Lusatia.
Sorbian-Lusatian people
More than 60,000 of the
Sorbs Slavic peoples minority continue to live in the region. Historically their ancestors are the
Milceni and the Lusitzer, and not the Sorbs, that settled in the region between Elbe and Saale. Many still speak their language (though numbers are dwindling and
Lower Sorbian language especially is considered endangered), and road signs are usually
bilingual. But note that the number of all the inhabitants of this part of east Saxony is fast declining, 20% in the last 10–15 years. Sorbians try to protect their typical culture shown in traditional clothes and styles of villages houses. The coal industry in the region, needing vast areas of land, destroyed dozens of Lusatian villages in the past and threatens some of them even now. The Sorbian language is taught in many primary and some secondary schools and at two universities (Leipzig and Prague). Project "Witaj" ("welcome!") is a project of eight kindergartens currently where Sorbian is the main language for a few hundred Lusatian children.
History
According to the earliest records, the area was settled by Celtic tribes. Later, around 100 BC, the Germanic tribe of the
Semnoni settled in that area. Around AD 600 the Slavic people known as the
Milceni settled permanently in the region. In about
928, Germans and Poles began invading the region. Lusatia changed hands repeatedly, belonging in turn to Samo,
Great Moravia, and
Bohemia. In 1002, the Poles took control of the region, and Lusatia became part of Poland in 1018 until it was absorbed by the German principalities of Meissen and
Brandenburg less than twenty years later. In 1076 Emperor Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire awarded Lusatia as a fief to the Bohemian duke
Vratislav II. Around 1200 large numbers of German settlers came to Lusatia, settling in the forested areas yet not settled by the Slavs. Upper Lusatia remained under Bohemian rule until the
Thirty Years' War when it became part of Saxony. In 1815 Upper Lusatia was divided, with the eastern part around
Görlitz now belonging to Prussia. Following the
Lutheran Reformation, Lusatia became
Protestantism but especially the Sorbs stayed mainly catholic till today. In 1945 the eastern part rejoined Saxony and in 1952, when the state of Saxony was divided into three administrative areas, Upper Lusatia became part of the Dresden administrative region. 1990 the state of Saxony was reestablished.
Saxon rule
In 1635 most of Lusatia became a province of Saxony, except for a region around Cottbus possessed since 1462 by Brandenburg. After the Prince-elector of Saxony was elected king of Poland in
1697, Lusatia became strategically important as the electors-kings sought to create a land connection between their Polish and Saxon realms.
The
Congress of Vienna in
1815, awarded most of Lusatia the Kingdom of Prussia, except for the southern part that included
Löbau, Kamenz, Bautzen and Zittau, all of which remained part of Saxony. The Lusatians in Prussia demanded that their land become a distinct administrative unit (province or region/Bezirk), but it was divided between several Prussian provinces instead.
Prussian rule
The 19th century and early
20th century centuries, under Prussian rule, witnessed an era of cultural revival for Slavic Lusatians. The modern languages of Upper and Lower Lusatian (or Sorbian) emerged, national literature flourished, and many national organizations like Maćica Serbska and
Domowina were founded.
Third Reich
This era came to an end during the Nazism regime in Germany, when all Sorbian-Lusatian organizations were abolished and forbidden, the newspapers and magazines closed, and any use of the Sorbian-Lusatian languages was prohibited. During World War II, most Lusatian activists were arrested, executed, exiled or sent as
political prisoners to concentration camps where most of them died. From
1942 to
1944 the underground Lusatian National Committee was formed and was active in Nazi-occupied
Warsaw. After World War II, however, Lusatia was divided between
East Germany and People's Republic of Poland along the Lusatian Neisse River. Poland's communist government expelled all Germans and Sorbs from the area east of the Neisse River during 1945 and 1946.
Autonomy movement
There have been endeavours by Sorbs to create a Lusatian Free State in the past -- particularly after World War II, when the Sorbian National Committee demanded the attachment of Lusatia to
Czechoslovakia and the Expulsion of Germans after World War II of the German majority. The
Domowina however opposed this idea and favoured a future inside Germany. In
1950 the Sorbs obtained language and cultural autonomy within the then East German state of Saxony. Lusatian schools and magazines were launched and the Domowina association was revived, although under increasing political control of the ruling
Communist Party. The local institutions supported the revival of regional Sorbian-Lusatian arts and culture. At the same time, the large German-speaking majority of the Upper Lusatian population kept up a considerable degree of local, 'Upper Lusatian' patriotism of its own. An attempt to establish a Upper Lusatian States of Germany within the Federal Republic of Germany failed after the
German reunification in
1990. The constitutions of
Saxony and Brandenburg guarantee cultural autonomy to the Slavic speaking communities. In 2005 Sorbian activists founded the Wendish Popular Party (Serbska Ludowa Strona - SLS).
Demographics according to the 1900 census
Share of
Sorbs:
- Cottbus (Province of Brandenburg) 55,8%
- Hoyerswerda (Province of Silesia) 37,8%
- Bautzen (Kingdom of Saxony) 17,7%
- Rothenburg i. d. Oberlausitz (Province of Silesia) 17,2%
- Kamenz (Kingdom of Saxony) 7,1%
Total number: 93,032
The number of Sorbs in Lusatia has substantially decreased since then, due to intermarriage, cultural assimilation, Nazi suppression and discrimination and the settlement of expelled Germans mainly from Lower Silesia and Northern Bohemia.
See also
External links
- Sorbian Cultural Information
- Sorbian umbrella organization "Domowina"
- Sorbian internet portal
- Bautzen, an important Sorbian town
- Organization "Friends of Lusatia" in Czech Republic
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width="300px" style="margin-left: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em"| align="center" style="background:#efefef;" colspan="2" style="border-bottom:3px solid gray;" |
Lusatia|-| colspan="2" | |}
Lusatia (, , , , ) is a historical region between the Bóbr and Kwisa rivers and the Elbe in the eastern German states of Free State of Saxony and Brandenburg, south-western
Poland (
Lower Silesian Voivodeship) and the northern Czech Republic.
The name derives from a
Sorbian languages word meaning "swamps/water-hole".
Upper and Lower Lusatia
Upper Lusatia (
Oberlausitz or
Hornja Łužica) is today part of the German state of Saxony; it consists of hilly countryside rising in the South to the Lausitzer Bergland (
Lusatian hills) near the Czech border, and then even higher to form the
Lusatian Mountains (
Lužické hory/
Lausitzer Gebirge) in the Czech Republic.
Upper Lusatia is characterised by fertile soil and undulating hills as well as by historic towns and cities such as Bautzen,
Görlitz, Zittau, Löbau (Saxony), Kamenz,
Lubań,
Bischofswerda,
Hoyerswerda,
Bad Muskau. A few big villages in the very south of Upper Lusatia contain a typical attraction of the region, the so-called
Umgebindehäuser, half-timbered-houses representing a combination of Franconian and Slavic style. Among those villages are
Niedercunnersdorf,
Obercunnersdorf, Wehrsdorf,
Jonsdorf, Sohland an der Spree, Taubenheim,
Oppach,
Varnsdorf (Lusatia) or Ebersbach.
Most of the portion belonging today to the German state of Brandenburg is called
Lower Lusatia (
Niederlausitz or
Dolna Łužyca) and is characterised by forests and meadows. In the course of much of the 19th and the entire 20th century, it was shaped by the lignite industry and extensive open-cast mining. Important towns include Cottbus,
Lübben,
Lübbenau,
Spremberg, Finsterwalde, and Senftenberg - Zły Komorow.
Between Upper and Lower Lusatia is a region called
Grenzwall, meaning something like "border-wall". In the Middle Ages this area had dense forests, so it represented a major obstacle to civilian and military traffic. Some of the regions villages were damaged or destroyed by the open-pit lignite mining industry managed by Communist East Germany. Some, now exhausted, former open-pit mines are now being converted into artificial lakes, with much hope to attract vacationers, and the area is now being referred to as
Lausitzer Seenland (
Lusatian Lakeland).
Lusatian capitals
Lusatia is not and was never an administrative unit. Upper and Lower Lusatia have a different but in some aspects similar history. The city of Cottbus is the largest of the region. Historically,
Luckau was Lower Lusatia's capital. Bautzen is the historical capital of Upper Lusatia.
Sorbian-Lusatian people
More than 60,000 of the Sorbs Slavic peoples minority continue to live in the region. Historically their ancestors are the Milceni and the Lusitzer, and not the Sorbs, that settled in the region between Elbe and Saale. Many still speak their language (though numbers are dwindling and
Lower Sorbian language especially is considered endangered), and road signs are usually
bilingual. But note that the number of all the inhabitants of this part of east Saxony is fast declining, 20% in the last 10–15 years. Sorbians try to protect their typical culture shown in traditional clothes and styles of villages houses. The coal industry in the region, needing vast areas of land, destroyed dozens of Lusatian villages in the past and threatens some of them even now. The Sorbian language is taught in many primary and some secondary schools and at two universities (Leipzig and Prague). Project "Witaj" ("welcome!") is a project of eight kindergartens currently where Sorbian is the main language for a few hundred Lusatian children.
History
According to the earliest records, the area was settled by Celtic tribes. Later, around 100 BC, the Germanic tribe of the Semnoni settled in that area. Around AD 600 the Slavic people known as the
Milceni settled permanently in the region. In about 928, Germans and Poles began invading the region. Lusatia changed hands repeatedly, belonging in turn to Samo,
Great Moravia, and
Bohemia. In 1002, the Poles took control of the region, and Lusatia became part of Poland in
1018 until it was absorbed by the German principalities of
Meissen and
Brandenburg less than twenty years later. In 1076 Emperor
Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire awarded Lusatia as a fief to the Bohemian duke
Vratislav II. Around 1200 large numbers of German settlers came to Lusatia, settling in the forested areas yet not settled by the Slavs. Upper Lusatia remained under Bohemian rule until the
Thirty Years' War when it became part of Saxony. In 1815 Upper Lusatia was divided, with the eastern part around Görlitz now belonging to Prussia. Following the Lutheran Reformation, Lusatia became
Protestantism but especially the Sorbs stayed mainly catholic till today. In 1945 the eastern part rejoined Saxony and in 1952, when the state of Saxony was divided into three administrative areas, Upper Lusatia became part of the Dresden administrative region. 1990 the state of Saxony was reestablished.
Saxon rule
In 1635 most of Lusatia became a province of
Saxony, except for a region around Cottbus possessed since 1462 by Brandenburg. After the
Prince-elector of Saxony was elected king of Poland in 1697, Lusatia became strategically important as the electors-kings sought to create a land connection between their Polish and Saxon realms.
The
Congress of Vienna in
1815, awarded most of Lusatia the
Kingdom of Prussia, except for the southern part that included
Löbau, Kamenz,
Bautzen and
Zittau, all of which remained part of Saxony. The Lusatians in Prussia demanded that their land become a distinct administrative unit (province or region/Bezirk), but it was divided between several Prussian provinces instead.
Prussian rule
The 19th century and early
20th century centuries, under Prussian rule, witnessed an era of cultural revival for Slavic Lusatians. The modern languages of Upper and Lower Lusatian (or Sorbian) emerged, national literature flourished, and many national organizations like Maćica Serbska and
Domowina were founded.
Third Reich
This era came to an end during the
Nazism regime in Germany, when all Sorbian-Lusatian organizations were abolished and forbidden, the newspapers and magazines closed, and any use of the Sorbian-Lusatian languages was prohibited. During
World War II, most Lusatian activists were arrested, executed, exiled or sent as
political prisoners to
concentration camps where most of them died. From
1942 to
1944 the underground
Lusatian National Committee was formed and was active in Nazi-occupied
Warsaw. After World War II, however, Lusatia was divided between East Germany and People's Republic of Poland along the Lusatian Neisse River. Poland's communist government expelled all Germans and Sorbs from the area east of the Neisse River during 1945 and 1946.
Autonomy movement
There have been endeavours by Sorbs to create a
Lusatian Free State in the past -- particularly after World War II, when the Sorbian National Committee demanded the attachment of Lusatia to
Czechoslovakia and the Expulsion of Germans after World War II of the German majority. The Domowina however opposed this idea and favoured a future inside Germany. In 1950 the Sorbs obtained language and
cultural autonomy within the then East German state of Saxony. Lusatian schools and magazines were launched and the Domowina association was revived, although under increasing political control of the ruling Communist Party. The local institutions supported the revival of regional Sorbian-Lusatian arts and culture. At the same time, the large German-speaking majority of the Upper Lusatian population kept up a considerable degree of local, 'Upper Lusatian' patriotism of its own. An attempt to establish a Upper Lusatian
States of Germany within the Federal Republic of Germany failed after the German reunification in
1990. The constitutions of
Saxony and
Brandenburg guarantee cultural autonomy to the Slavic speaking communities. In 2005 Sorbian activists founded the Wendish Popular Party (Serbska Ludowa Strona - SLS).
Demographics according to the 1900 census
Share of
Sorbs:
- Cottbus (Province of Brandenburg) 55,8%
- Hoyerswerda (Province of Silesia) 37,8%
- Bautzen (Kingdom of Saxony) 17,7%
- Rothenburg i. d. Oberlausitz (Province of Silesia) 17,2%
- Kamenz (Kingdom of Saxony) 7,1%
Total number: 93,032
The number of
Sorbs in Lusatia has substantially decreased since then, due to intermarriage, cultural assimilation, Nazi suppression and discrimination and the settlement of expelled Germans mainly from Lower Silesia and Northern Bohemia.
See also
External links
- Sorbian Cultural Information
- Sorbian umbrella organization "Domowina"
- Sorbian internet portal
- Bautzen, an important Sorbian town
- Organization "Friends of Lusatia" in Czech Republic
Sorbia - Turtledove
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Lusatia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Redirected from Sorbia) ... Lusatia (German: Lausitz, Upper Sorbian: Łužica, Lower Sorbian: Łužyca, Polish: ...
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Bavaria - Danish-German - Swabia - Sorbia - Northern Germany: Other Germanic areas; Austria - Denmark - Flanders - Liechtenstein - Luxembourg - Netherlands
Sorbia definition of Sorbia in the Free Online Encyclopedia.
Lusatia (l sā`shə), Ger. Lausitz, Pol. Łużyce, region of E Germany and SW Poland. It extends N from the Lusatian Mts., at the Czech border, and W from the Oder River.
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an agent that sorbs.? ... sorbets Sorbetto sorbi sorbi Sorbia Sorbia Sorbian Sorbian Sorbian (linguistics)
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Dari Wikipedia Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas berbahasa Indonesia.
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a. 1. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, the rowan tree, or sorb; specifically ... Sorbia Sorbia Sorbian Sorbian Sorbian (linguistics) Sorbian alphabet Sorbian language
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17-Apr-02: H: Albania: W: 2-0 (1-0) E Gonzalez 34p; M Jimenez Sorbia 64: 250: 21-Aug-02: A: Iceland: L: 0-3 (0-3) 2,900: 28-May-04: A: France: L: 0-4 (0-1) 27,753: 05-Jun-04: A: Spain: L: 0-4 (0-2) 14,000
Statistics - Football365 News
17-Apr-02: H: Albania: W: 2-0 (1-0) E Gonzalez 34p; M Jimenez Sorbia 64: 250: 21-Aug-02: A: Iceland: L: 0-3 (0-3) 2,900: 28-May-04: A: France: L: 0-4 (0-1) 27,753: 05-Jun-04: A: Spain: L: 0-4 (0-2) 14,000
